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英語試卷二

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark, A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will___3___.

　　In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.

　　Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

　　The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.

　　Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” He says. In other words, don't read online comments.　

1.A .resolve                   B. protect           C. discuss               D. ignore

2. A refuse                       B. wait               C. seek                 D .regret

3. A .rise                          B. last                C. mislead             D. hurt

4. A. alert                        B.tie                   C. expose             D. treat

5. A. message                  B. trial              C. review               D. concept

6. A. remove                    B. weaken          C. deliver                D. interrupt

7. A. Unless                     B. If                  C. Though              D. When

8. A. happen                    B. continue        C. disappear           D. change

9. A rather than                 B. such as          C. regardless          D .owing to

10. A. disagree                 B. forgive          C. forget                 D. discover

11. A. pay                        B. marriage       C. food                   D. school

12. A. begin with               B. rest on             C. learn from            D. lead to

13. A. withdrawal              B. inquiry             C. persistence           D. diligence

14. A. self-destructive       B. self-reliant       C. self-evident         D. self-deceptive

15. A. resist                 B. define          C. replace            D. trace

16. A. predict                B. overlook        C. design              D. conceal

17. A. remember           B. choose           C. promise              D. pretend

18. A. relief                    B. plan               C. outcome            D. duty

19. A. whether                 B. why                C. where               D. how

20 .A. limitations            B. Investments    C. strategies           D. consequences

雄松華章MBA名師整理發(fā)布

【1-20題答案解析】

1. A

解析：句首作者提出疑問，“為什么人們會(huì)讀互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的負(fù)面評(píng)論和明顯很讓人傷心的其它事情呢？”隨后作者給出答案，“因?yàn)槿藗兌加?/span>___不確定性的內(nèi)在需求”。[A]解決[B]保護(hù)[C]討論[D]忽視，根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系，解決不確定性搭配合理。

2. C

解析：本題考查動(dòng)介詞搭配。根據(jù)原文語境，需要選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞和后面的“to”連用。[A]拒絕做...[B]等待做...[C]尋求，力求做...[D]后悔做...結(jié)合文意“人們要___ 滿足他們的好奇心”來判斷，正選為[C]尋求，力求做。

3. D

解析：根據(jù)原文語境，“painful, uncertainty”均為消極詞匯。

4. C

解析： 固定搭配考查。根據(jù)原文語境，考查短語____ sb to sth 意為“讓某人承受某事”。因此，C選項(xiàng)為正選。

5. B

解析： 根據(jù)上文，第二段句首提到in a series of four experiments,說明是在“實(shí)驗(yàn)”的語境。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，[A]信息[B]實(shí)驗(yàn)[C]復(fù)習(xí)[D]觀念，只有B選項(xiàng)和段落語境相符合。因此為正選。

6. C

解析： 動(dòng)賓搭配。結(jié)合語境，“當(dāng)點(diǎn)擊的時(shí)候，一半的鋼筆會(huì)____電流。”根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配，本題需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來搭配電流，考查四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，[A]移除[B]削弱[C]傳遞[D]打擾 A選項(xiàng)更符合語境。

7. D

解析：時(shí)間狀語的考查。結(jié)合語境，“___被獨(dú)自留在房間，學(xué)生會(huì)....”,因此，這是一個(gè)非常明顯的時(shí)間狀語從句。正選為D.

8. A

解析：動(dòng)詞辨析。結(jié)合原文語境，由who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾前面的學(xué)生，而在定語從句中，又出現(xiàn)由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。結(jié)合賓語從句的含義，“知道接下來會(huì)發(fā)生什么”更符合語境。

9. B

解析：結(jié)合語境，后面語境為并列關(guān)系，因此此題應(yīng)填舉例子。B為正選。

10. D

解析：Discover 與上文中的Curiosity 相對(duì)應(yīng)。

11 C

解析： 本詞與后文的Basic drives 的詳細(xì)說明。與shelter一樣都屬于人類的基本需求。

12 D

解析：破折號(hào)的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前文instinct 的解釋。說明這種本能能夠促進(jìn)新的科學(xué)發(fā)展，屬于因果關(guān)系。

13. B

解析：跟前文的drives 相對(duì)應(yīng)。

14. A

解析：本題與前文的backfire相對(duì)應(yīng)，都屬于貶義詞。

15. A

解析：從后文的試驗(yàn)中，參與者應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)參與，因此跟前文的堅(jiān)持相對(duì)應(yīng)。

16. A

解析：通過后文的after能看出這個(gè)事情并沒有發(fā)生，因此填預(yù)測。

17. B

解析：動(dòng)賓搭配。

18：C

解析：of 引導(dǎo)的后置定語。由一個(gè)人的好奇心所帶來的結(jié)果。

19：A

解析：whether 引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

20：D

解析：關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)應(yīng)，對(duì)應(yīng)18題的outcome.

Section II      Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

　　Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week’s cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?

　　As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.

　　But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype ... that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.

　　On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.

　　But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing, according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.

　　In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.

Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.

21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of ___

A.    mechanical memorization

B.     academic training

C.    practical ability

D.    pioneering spirit

22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ___

A.    are financially disadvantaged

B.     are not academically successful

C.     have a stereotyped mind

D.    have no career motivation

23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___

A.    are entitled to more “educational privileges”

B.     are reluctant to work in manufacturing

C.    used to have more job opportunities

D.    used to have big financial concerns

24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all ___

A.    helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs

B.     may narrow the gap in working-class jobs

C.     is expected to yield a better-trained workforce

D.    indicates the overvaluing of higher education

25. The author’s attitude toward Koziate’s school can be described as ___

A.    supportive

B.     disappointed

C.     tolerant

D.    cautious

雄松華章MBA名師整理發(fā)布

【21-25題答案解析】

21. 答案 C practical ability

這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位至第二段最后一句話,意思是”什么時(shí)候這種觀點(diǎn)變得可接受了呢？學(xué)生應(yīng)該能夠說出美國第十三任總統(tǒng)的名字，但是卻完全對(duì)壞了的自行車鏈?zhǔn)譄o策”。從作者使用問句的形式就可判斷出作者并不接受這種觀點(diǎn)，即學(xué)生只學(xué)會(huì)書本上的知識(shí)而不具備實(shí)際能力。再結(jié)合上一句話即本段第二句話，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老師，在這所學(xué)校，學(xué)習(xí)不只是書本上的知識(shí)，或者是為了考試，也不是為了機(jī)械化的記憶，而是為了實(shí)際的技能。能看出，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生們?nèi)鄙俚氖菍?shí)際技能，所以答案是C practical ability.

22. 答案 B are not academically successful

這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞職業(yè)教育對(duì)孩子存在的偏見可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多職業(yè)化教育的學(xué)校中，有這樣一種老套的思想，那就是，職業(yè)教育是針對(duì)那些在學(xué)術(shù)上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根據(jù)這句話可確定答案就是B are not academically successful 。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文意。

23．答案C used to have more job opportunities

這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干第五段和high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，說到美國經(jīng)濟(jì)曾經(jīng)提供給高中畢業(yè)生的那種the job security已經(jīng)在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那說明過去的時(shí)候高中畢業(yè)生是有職業(yè)安全感的，故選C，其他選項(xiàng)都不在定位處，可以排除。

    24.答案D indicate the overvaluing of higher education
  這是一道事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容“the headlong push”找到出處是第六段開頭But后，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面還有一個(gè)and...和其并列，所以主要關(guān)注對(duì)這兩部分的評(píng)價(jià)，后面有明顯的標(biāo)點(diǎn)：冒號(hào)出現(xiàn)，冒號(hào)后說that is not the only thing the American economy needs. 可以看出這句話對(duì)前面的否定，選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞overvalue是負(fù)面詞，而且提到主題詞education。故選D。這道題最適合用感情色彩來排除與D相反的其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

    25.答案A supportive
  這是一道態(tài)度題，放在最末的態(tài)度題更傾向于到最后一段找答案。通過定位詞Koziatek’s school 看到最后一段也確實(shí)提到了，說它是一個(gè)wake-up call。也就是在喚醒人們教育不應(yīng)該是統(tǒng)一的形式，這樣會(huì)overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts，也就是忽視人才的差異性。所以可以看出作者是支持的態(tài)度。

Test 2

While fossil fuels – coal, oil, gas – still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.

Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.

President Trump has underlined fossil fuels – especially coal – as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation – and where tech giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads in 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

　While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewable are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does – or doesn’t do – to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

26. The word “plummeting”(line3.para2)is closest in meaning to ______.

A.rising

B.falling

C.changing

D. stabilizing

27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.

A. is progressing notably

B. is as extensive as in Europe

C. faces many challenges

D. has proved to be impractical

28. It can be learned that in Iowa_____.

A .wind is a widely used energy source

B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

C. tech giants are investing in clean energy

D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply

29. Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs 5&6?

A. Its application has boosted battery storage

B. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.

C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.

D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.

30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.

A. will bring the US closer to other countries

B. will accelerate global environment change

C. is not really encouraged by the US government

D is not competitive enough with regard to its cost

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【26-30題答案解析】

26題 【B】 falling

解析：本題為詞匯題，詞匯題的解題，在于語境的理解。該換線詞匯之后出現(xiàn)了價(jià)格prices;而緊接著下一句就出現(xiàn)了the cost has dropped，可見價(jià)格應(yīng)該是下降的，故而選falling.

27題 【A】 is progressing notably

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，細(xì)節(jié)題講解精確定位。根據(jù)題干中的定位信息，定位至第三段第三句。故而得出A為正確答案。本題也可以通過排除法解題，B選項(xiàng)的意思是和歐洲使用的一樣廣泛，而原文是中國和歐洲對(duì)于再生能源的使用的是廣泛的。C選項(xiàng)是說面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)，這與原文的“remarkable shift顯著的改變”明顯不符。D選項(xiàng)說被證明是不切實(shí)際的，也屬于未提到的選項(xiàng)，且impractical與文中情感傾向矛盾。

28題【A】 wind is a widely used energy source

解析：本題為推理性細(xì)節(jié)題，按照題干Iowa定位到第四段二三句。原文說特朗普總統(tǒng)最近在愛荷華州的演講上認(rèn)為風(fēng)能是不可靠的能源。但是他的這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)在愛荷華州并沒有得到太多支持，愛荷華州的田野到處布滿了風(fēng)力發(fā)電器，占全州發(fā)電供應(yīng)量的36%，而且像微軟這樣的商業(yè)巨頭也被清潔能源吸引，想用清潔能源給他們的數(shù)據(jù)中心供電。

29題 【C】 Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干需要會(huì)原文通讀第五段和第六段。選擇C的依據(jù)在于第五段第二句But這句話，這句的是說電池存儲(chǔ)量的提升使再生能源持續(xù)可用變得更加可能。C選項(xiàng)的意思是，清潔能源的持續(xù)供應(yīng)正在逐漸成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。

30題 【C】 is not really encouraged by the US government.

解析：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)性推理題，相當(dāng)于細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)中的B will accelerate global environment change與原文第二句內(nèi)容明顯不符，D選項(xiàng) is not competitive enough with regard to its cost 也很容易被排除，因?yàn)?/span>cost壓根沒有在最后一段出現(xiàn)過。現(xiàn)在只剩下A 和C這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A 選項(xiàng)will bring the US factors closet to other countries ,改選項(xiàng)中的other countries 沒有在最后一段出現(xiàn)過。C選項(xiàng)“美國政府并不是真正鼓勵(lì)再生能源的發(fā)展”。對(duì)應(yīng)本段最后一句話，最后一句提到華盛頓政府做或不做什么都may mean less and less...所以可以看出美國不應(yīng)該是和其他國家更近，排除A，所以選C，美國不是真正支持可再生能源的。

Text 3 

The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing – Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users’ friendships and social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them – and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.

The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.

This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple which was not apt.

31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____.

A. digital products

B．user information

B.     physical assets

C.     quality service

32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____.

A. worsen political disputes

B. mess up customer records

C.    pose a risk to Facebook users

D.    mislead the European commission

33. According to the author, competition law __

A. should serve the new market powers

B. may worsen the economic imbalance

C. should not provide just one legal solution

D. cannot keep pace with the changing market

34. Competition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.

A. They are not defined as customers

B. they are not financially reliable

C. the service is generally digital

D. the service are paid for by advertisers

35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __

A. a win-win business model between digital giants

B. a typical competition pattern among digital giants

C. the benefits provided for digital giants customers

D. the relationship between digital giants and their users

致知-雄松華章MBA名師整理發(fā)布

【31-35題答案解析】

31. 答案 ［B］user information

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段第二句。該句提到兩年前Facebook花了更多的錢獲得了WhatsApp的信息服務(wù)。接著提到WhatsApp提供給Facebook的是關(guān)于其用戶的朋友圈以及社會(huì)生活等具體精煉的信息。由此可知，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。 

32. 答案［C］pose a risk to Facebook users

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞linking the phone number定位第二段第一句。該句提到Facebook向歐洲委員會(huì)承諾不會(huì)把用戶的電話號(hào)與Facebook的身份認(rèn)證連系到一起，但是協(xié)議通過之后Facebook立馬失信。接下來提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知誰發(fā)的消息，發(fā)送的目的又是什么”。因此，可能會(huì)給用戶造成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此C項(xiàng)符合文意。 

33. 答案 ［D］cannot keep pace with the changing market

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞competition law 定位到第三段第一句。該句指出“競爭法似乎成為解決這些不平等權(quán)力的唯一辦法，但是此法案太過笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面，相比于數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的速度，此法案發(fā)展是非常緩慢的”。由此可知，該法案跟不上當(dāng)前市場變化的步伐。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

34. 答案［D］the services are paid for by advertisers.

解析：根據(jù)題目中的because 可確定為因果細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的信息出現(xiàn)在第三段后半部分，是題目中的原詞 competition law as presently interpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文寫到，the users of their services are not，讀到這里的not，一定要找而是誰。繼續(xù)讀下一句，That would be the people who buy advertising from them…，與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，可得出［D］the services are paid for by advertisers。 

35. 答案［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.

解析：根據(jù)題目中is used to illustrate可判斷為例證題，要找到the ants analogy論據(jù)所證明的論點(diǎn)；論點(diǎn)在論據(jù)之前，因此先找到論據(jù)the ants analogy，再找到論據(jù)前的論點(diǎn)句。所以本題定位到最后一段的第一句，The product …is data，and we…convert our lives to data…。此句中，data即digital giants，we 即 users。因此答案為［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.

Text4 

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual ;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

Newport also recommends deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.

Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities you’re day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of messy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals In much more detail, day by day.

 While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.

“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.

Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brain switches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

“what people don’t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in their brain”, says Pillay.

36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to______

A. seize every minute to work

B. list you immediate tasks

C. make specific daily plans

D. Keep to your focus time

37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that

A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

B. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

C. distractions may actually increase efficiency

D. daily schedules arc indispensable to studying

38. According to Newport, idleness is __________-

A. a desirable mental state for busy people

B. a major contributor to physical health

C. an effective way to save time and energy

0. an essential factor in accomplishing any work 

39. Pillay believes that our brain’s shift between being focused and unfocused ______

A. can bring about greater efficiency

B. can result in psychological well-being

C. is driven by task urgency

D. is aimed at better balance in work 

40. This text is mainly about_____

A. approaches to getting more done in less time

B. Ways to relieve the tension of busy life

C. The key to eliminating distractions

D. The cause of the lack of focus time

致知-雄松華章MBA名師整理發(fā)布

【36-40題答案解析】 

36. 答案［D］keep to your focus time

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的mastering the art of deep work定位到第二段首句。該句指出“有很多種掌握深度工作的方法-不論是專注于指定工作時(shí)長時(shí)間的后退，或者養(yǎng)成慣例，還是當(dāng)你一天有閑暇之余采用紀(jì)實(shí)的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬間”。接著提到“不論是那種方式，關(guān)鍵在于確定你的專注力時(shí)間長度并保持專注”。由此可知，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

37. 答案［B］detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

    解析：例證題。根據(jù)題干時(shí)間信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段與第五段。第四段首句指出另一種短時(shí)間做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能優(yōu)先處理好你的一天-特別是制作我們待辦事項(xiàng)的方法。接著作者舉例大學(xué)生們分成小組每天做各種詳細(xì)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。第五段首句用while畫風(fēng)一轉(zhuǎn)，表示這種復(fù)雜的任務(wù)讓學(xué)生們感到消極，并表示工作中難免會(huì)分散注意力，這將影響日常待辦事項(xiàng)的效率。可知，作者用反面例子來論證觀點(diǎn)，即復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃可能沒有像期望的那樣有效果。故選B項(xiàng)。

38. 答案［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work.

解析：根據(jù)題目Newport得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)題干中的idleness可定位到倒數(shù)第三段，idleness is not，讀到這里依然需要看下文，下面提到it is as…as…，is necessary to getting any work done。再對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)，可直接選出［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work。

39. 答案［A］can bring about greater efficiency.

解析：根據(jù)題目中的Pillay believes 可得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題型。根據(jù)題目中的信息，可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句，明確指出they tend to be more efficient。然后對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)得出［A］can bring about greater efficiency。

40. 答案［A］approaches to getting more done in less time.

解析：根據(jù)題目的mainly about可知為文章主旨題，首先可以通過題目的復(fù)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容找與文章主旨有關(guān)的詞匯，題目中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了focus內(nèi)容，可判斷與人們的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在開篇第一段或第二段會(huì)出現(xiàn)，第一段引用Cal Newport的觀點(diǎn)指出focus without distraction話題，第二段就提到了主題approaches to mastering thd art of deep work，此刻主題已明確，并且第四段有明顯的證明another approach。所以本題選［A］approaches to getting more done in less time。

Part B

Directions：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .（10 points）

A. Be present

B. Just say it

C. Ask for an opinion

D. Name, places, things

E. Find the "me too" s

F. Pay a unique compliment

G. Skip the small talk

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.

You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, and new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.

Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.

41

Suppose you are in the room with someone you don’t know & you look across the room and you see a stranger and something within you says that I want to talk with this person & you know something that mostly happens with all of us, you wanted to say something the First word. It just won’t come out. It feels like it stuck somewhere and refused to come out. I know the feeling & here is my advice “Just get it out”.

Just think what the worst could happen. They won’t talk with you. Well they are not talking with you now.

I truly believe that once you said first word everything else just gets flows. So keep it simple “Hi” ,”Hey” or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather all of the enthusiasm, the energy, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.

42

It’s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.

Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “h”, “hello” ,“how are you” and “what’s going on?”, you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.

So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

43

When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to find the things which you and that person is in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from that point & then move outwards from there you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.

44

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.

So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact, you can feel the conversation.

45 _______________

You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after some time you may have met again and you forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!   

So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with. Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate-whatever you talk about.

When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.

That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with. 

致知-雄松華章MBA名師整理發(fā)布

【41-45題答案解析】

41.B  Just say it.

解析：41標(biāo)號(hào)下面一段反復(fù)提到“say something”、“it just won’t come out”以及該段末句提到作者的建議“just get it out”，根據(jù)這些仿佛出現(xiàn)的短語含義，本段段落中心大意為和陌生人交談就是需要“說出來”，對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng) just say it，故選B。

42.G  Skip the small talk.

解析：標(biāo)號(hào)下面第一段提到和一個(gè)人談話以及使這段談話記憶深刻的時(shí)間是非常有限的，緊接著第二段提到避免說一些“hi”、“hello”、“how are you?”、“what’s going on?”這樣的簡單談話能使交談更難忘，下面第三段提到作者建議是要問一些更個(gè)人的問題，這樣能達(dá)到更好的談話效果。因此，42下面三段信息主要大意為省去和交談?wù)叩暮唵握勗挘瑢?duì)應(yīng)F選項(xiàng)中skip the small talk，因此正確答案為F選項(xiàng)。

43.E  Find the “me too’s.

【解析】該段第一句段落分論點(diǎn)主句提到“make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common”,也就是努力找到你和談話者共同的話題來進(jìn)行交談。對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)Find the “me too” s,即找到談話者和自己一樣的事情。本句最后一句話也提到用這樣的方法談話更簡單。因此，答案選D選項(xiàng)。

44. A  Be Present.

【解析】 44標(biāo)號(hào)下面一段舉例一個(gè)當(dāng)自己全身心投入到和對(duì)方交流但是對(duì)方處于 狀態(tài)的情況，謹(jǐn)記著下一段給出作者建議“just be in that communication wholeheartedly”以及“make eye contact”,不管是提議全身心投入到談話中，還是提議要進(jìn)行眼神交流，都對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)。 Be present, 即“在場”故選A.

45.D  Name，Place，Thing.

【解析】45標(biāo)號(hào)下面第一段提到當(dāng)一段時(shí)間之后再遇到之前談話的人，可能會(huì)忘記他的名字，這一點(diǎn)是很奇怪的。緊接著下面一段提到作者的建議“remember the little detail of the people you met or you talked with”，即讓我們記得談話者的姓名這些小細(xì)節(jié)，接著，又提到不能忘了“places”以及對(duì)方所喜歡的“things”，都對(duì)應(yīng)E選項(xiàng)中原詞Name，Place，Thing，因此答案選E。

46. Direction:

In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and select it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.

That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays，his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently，he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.

致知-雄松華章MBA名師整理發(fā)布

【46題答案解析】

翻譯題參考答案：

一個(gè)五年級(jí)的學(xué)生得到一份家庭作業(yè)，作業(yè)要求是從一系列職業(yè)中選擇自己未來的職業(yè)道路。他在“宇航員”那一項(xiàng)后面畫了勾，但很快自己給名單增加了“科學(xué)家”這一項(xiàng)，然后也打了個(gè)勾。男孩相信，只要他讀得書夠多，他盡可以探索各種自己喜歡的職業(yè)道路。于是他真的讀了很多書，從百科全書到科幻小說，各種書讀了個(gè)遍。他對(duì)讀書是如此有激情（癡迷），以至于他的父母不得不制定“吃飯時(shí)不許讀書”的規(guī)矩。

那個(gè)男孩就是比爾·蓋茨，時(shí)至今日，他依然沒有停下讀書的腳步，甚至在他已經(jīng)成為這個(gè)地球上最成功的人士之一，他仍然在堅(jiān)持。現(xiàn)如今，他讀的書已不再是科幻小說和參考書：最近，他透露自己每年至少要閱讀50本非小說類書籍。蓋茨之所以選擇非小說類作品，是因?yàn)檫@些書詮釋了這個(gè)世界是如何運(yùn)作的（的運(yùn)作方式）。蓋茨說：“每本書都為我推開了一扇新知的大門。”

Part A

47. Directions:

Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write an email to

1) apologize and explain your situation

2) suggest a future meeting

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.

You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

致知-雄松華章MBA名師整理發(fā)布

【47題答案解析】

小作文參考范文：

Dear Professor Smith,

I’m writing this letter in purpose of expressing my sincere apology to you. I feel terribly sorry. But I hope you can forgive me if you know the reason.

I have received a message from my manager that there is something wrong with the project which I’m in charge of. I have to organize an urgent meeting to figure out some strategies to solve the problem.

Once again, I am very sorry for any inconvenience caused. I will appreciate if you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. I wonder if you are available this Friday. Please let me know when you are at your convenience. Looking forward to your reply!

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

Part B
48. Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

致知-雄松華章MBA名師整理發(fā)布

【48題答案解析】

大作文參考范文：

The pie chart above evidently illustrates various target elements in terms of consumers’ choosing restaurants in a certain city in 2017. To be specific. distinguishing feature took a lion’s share, accounting for approximately 36.3%. While service and surroundings made up around 26.8% and 24.2% respectively. However, the least proportions were price and other factors, occupying roughly 8% and 4.7%.

What triggers this phenomenon? Maybe at least two reasons can be identified to contribute to this matter. But the most important is that along with the development of economy, people’s living standards have been improved remarkably, as a consequence of which, an increasing amount of individuals focus on superior service and favorable surroundings when they choose restaurants rather than price. Simultaneously, there is another essential factor that after resolving the issue of food and clothing, quite a few consumers’ food conception has transformed dramatically, to the extent that they increasingly pursue spiritual consumption, which should be also taken into account.

Based on what has been discussed above: a conclusion can be drawn safely that more up-scale food services will be prevailing in modern food market. And it is predictable that those restaurants with favorable service: distinctive features and excellent circumstances will be beloved by more customers in some years ahead. However, it is advisable for the public to consume rationally, avoiding extravagance and waste.